Barrett’s oesophagus is a change in the lining of the lower food pipe, usually caused by long-standing acid reflux. The normal lining is replaced by a lining more like that of the intestine. It causes no symptoms of its own, and is found at gastroscopy.
Why it matters
Barrett’s oesophagus slightly increases the risk of a cancer of the oesophagus (adenocarcinoma). The risk for any one person is low, roughly 1 in 300 per year or less when there are no precancerous changes (dysplasia). Regular checks aim to find dysplasia early, when it can be treated through the scope.
Diagnosis
At gastroscopy, the length of the Barrett’s segment is measured and biopsies are taken. The laboratory looks for dysplasia, which guides what happens next.
Follow-up and treatment
- No dysplasia: a surveillance gastroscopy, usually every 3 to 5 years depending on the length of the segment
- Dysplasia or early cancer: treatment through the scope, such as removing the area (endoscopic resection) and ablation, with closer follow-up
- Reflux control: acid-suppressing medicine (a proton pump inhibitor) for symptoms and to protect the lining; weight loss and avoiding late meals help
Who may need a gastroscopy
Long-standing reflux, especially in men over 50 with other risk factors such as obesity or smoking, and anyone with difficulty swallowing, weight loss or vomiting.
General information only. Reviewed by Dr Chia Chung King, 2026-11-07. Book a consultation.